Early detection of bed bug eggs is essential to ensure effective treatment and stop the infestation in your home. Here is our practical advice, accompanied by photos, on where they lay their eggs, how long they take to hatch, how to detect them and how to get rid of them.

In brief

What do bed bug eggs look like?

Size and shape of eggs

Bed bug eggs are extremely small and difficult to spot.

Here’s how to recognise them:

✅ Size: approximately 1 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, about the size of a pinhead.

✅ Shape: elongated and slightly curved, resembling a small grain of rice, but much smaller and thinner.

⚠️ Caution: to the naked eye, they can be mistaken for light-coloured dust, dandruff or micro-debris.

Colour and texture

✅ Colour: they are generally pearly white to translucent in colour, with a slight sheen. This colour may change over time, from a more opaque white to a slightly transparent appearance before hatching.

✅ Texture: the surface of the egg is smooth and shiny, almost glossy, unlike dust particles or dry debris, which are dull.

✅ Sticky appearance: each egg is covered with a waxy substance secreted by the female when laying. This natural glue allows the eggs to remain firmly attached to the surface where they were laid (wood, fabric, mattress seams, skirting boards, etc.). This is why they do not fall off even if the fabric is shaken.

In the event of infestation, you may see clusters of eggs stuck together over a few square millimetres, often lined up or grouped together in a fold or crack.

Where do female bed bugs lay their eggs?

Female bed bugs lay their eggs in strategic locations, close to their food source (your blood) and away from light.

Here are their favourite hiding places:

✅ Mattresses and bed bases: they often lay their eggs in the seams, folds, labels and zips of mattresses, as well as under the fabric of upholstered bed bases.

✅ Headboards and bed frames: cracks in the wood, grooves and gaps in metal or wooden frames are ideal places, especially if they are close to where you sleep.

✅ Skirting boards and cracks in walls: female bed bugs like to lay their eggs in small cracks, behind skirting boards, under loose wallpaper or at the junction between the floor and the wall.

✅ Furniture near the bed: bedside tables, bed frames, shelves and even drawers can harbour eggs, especially in cases of advanced infestation.

✅ Textiles and clothing: although less common, eggs may be laid on fabrics left on the floor or piled up near the bed, as well as on curtains or carpets.

See also: How to recognise a bed bug nest

How long does it take for bed bug eggs to hatch?

Hatching time depending on temperature

The hatching time for bed bug eggs varies mainly according to the ambient temperature:

Rapid life cycle and risk of infestation

As soon as they hatch, young bedbugs (called nymphs) must feed on blood to begin their growth. They then go through five stages before becoming adults, feeding on blood at each stage, which explains why colonies can spread so quickly if no treatment is implemented.

➡️ See also: Bed bug behaviour and biology.

How many eggs can a bed bug lay?

➡️ Good to know: after mating, the female is capable of laying eggs for several weeks, even without mating again. This rapid reproduction cycle explains why it is so important to treat an infestation as soon as the first signs appear.

How can you detect the presence of bed bug eggs?

Signs to look for

Spotting bed bug eggs is not always easy, as they are tiny and well hidden. These insects are nocturnal, so don’t hesitate to carry out a night-time inspection with a torch.

Here’s what to look for:

✅ Small pearly white eggs

The eggs are white, slightly shiny, and measure about 1 mm. They look like tiny grains of rice stuck to surfaces. You will usually find them in clusters, especially in dark hiding places close to the bed.

✅ Traces of excrement

Look for small black spots (similar to felt-tip pen dots) on the mattress, seams, bed frame, skirting boards or headboard. These traces are bedbug droppings, rich in digested blood.

✅ Bedbug skins

Bedbugs moult five times before reaching adulthood. You may therefore find translucent skins (empty shells) near infested areas, indicating their active presence.

✅ Presence of adults or nymphs

During your inspection, you may see live bedbugs. Nymphs are translucent to yellowish in colour, and adults are brown, about the size of an apple seed.

➡️ Good to know: Canine detection is a very effective method for detecting hidden bed bug eggs and bed bugs.

How to kill bed bug eggs effectively?

Unfortunately, bed bug eggs are the most resistant stage of their life cycle. Their waxy shell protects them from conventional insecticides. This makes them particularly difficult to eliminate. Here are the treatment methods recommended by experts.

Heat treatment

High temperatures are the most reliable method for eliminating bed bug eggs.

We therefore recommend using a dry steam cleaner (minimum 120°C). For your information, this type of appliance can be rented from specialist DIY stores.

➡️ Slowly steam all infested surfaces: mattress seams, skirting boards, headboards, upholstered bed bases, cracks. Hold the nozzle 5-10 cm from the surface for at least 2 to 3 seconds to reach the inside of the eggs and kill them.

Extreme cold is also a viable option. Freezing should be carried out at -20°C for a minimum of 72 hours.

➡️ Place clothes, bags and small non-washable items in an airtight bag and then directly into the freezer. Please note that a simple freezer compartment is not sufficient; you need a freezer that can actually reach -20°C.

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The vacuum cleaner: useful but incomplete

Use a powerful vacuum cleaner with a narrow nozzle to suck up any eggs visible in the cracks or seams of the mattress.

➡️ Practical tip: after vacuuming, immediately seal the bag in a plastic bag and throw it in an outdoor bin.

Caution: eggs stick strongly to surfaces. Suction alone is therefore not 100% effective. Always combine with steam cleaning.

Washing textiles at high temperatures

Wash sheets, covers, clothing and any other machine-washable textiles at 60°C for at least 30 minutes. Bed bugs do not survive at this temperature.

In addition to washing, especially for thick textiles or removable mattress covers, use a tumble dryer on a high heat cycle for at least 30 minutes.

➡️ See also: How to wash your bedding and clothes if you have bed bugs?

Professional treatment: essential in the event of a serious infestation

If eggs are present throughout your home, a certified professional (Certibiocide, ideally Certipunaise) will be able to combine targeted chemical treatments and thermal methods (heat gun, professional dry steam) to effectively eliminate all stages of bedbug development.

⚠️ Beware of scams, which are rife in this sector.

Prevention: prevent further egg laying

Protect your mattress and bedding

✅ Spray a repellent spray on the bedding

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✅ Use a bed bug cover

The cover acts as a physical barrier: if any bed bugs or eggs are still present in the mattress, they will eventually die inside due to lack of food, and no new bed bugs will be able to enter.

Opt for a full cover specially designed to protect against bed bugs.

It must completely enclose the mattress, with a secure zip and an anti-return system to prevent insects from escaping.

Tip: regularly check the condition of the cover and steam clean the outside to remove any eggs that may have been laid on the surface.

✅ Wash bed linen regularly

Change and wash your sheets, pillowcases, blankets and covers at a minimum of 60°C every week if you live in a high-risk area or in an infested building.

✅ Avoid direct contact between the mattress and the floor or walls

Leave a space between your mattress and the walls to limit bed bugs’ access to sleeping areas. Raise your bed if possible and place bed bug traps under each leg to quickly detect any new intruders.

Other preventive measures

• Place diatomaceous earth in hard-to-reach corners (skirting boards, cracks, behind furniture).
• Vacuum bedrooms regularly and empty the vacuum cleaner into a sealed bag.
• Seal cracks in walls and furniture.

FAQ

Have bed bugs invaded your home? Quick detection of the nest is essential to limit and treat an infestation. Here are our practical tips.

In brief

Where do bed bugs hide?

Bed bugs are discreet insects that spend most of their lives hidden in dark, narrow places. Here are their favourite hiding places.

Mattresses, box springs and headboards

The seams, folds and corners of mattresses are very popular with bed bugs. This allows them to stay close to their food source (you) at first. If the infestation is not treated, bed bugs will eventually move and create nests further and further away from the bed.

Inspect the edges, seams, zips and the inside of bed bases, where they also lay their eggs.

Another possible hiding place: headboards (wooden, fabric or leather). Bed bugs often leave traces (excrement, eggs, moulted skin) here.

➡️ See also: Bed bugs in a mattress: what to do?

Skirting boards, cracks and walls

Bed bugs love to hide in cracks in walls, behind skirting boards, under loose wallpaper or at the junction between the floor and the wall. These dark spaces provide ideal protection.

Furniture near the bed

Bedside tables, bed frames, shelves and any furniture near the bed may be infested, especially in cases of advanced infestation. Check every crack and crevice.

Bed bugs love rough textures such as untreated wood.

Electrical outlets, picture frames and wall objects

Electrical outlets, light switches, picture frames and other wall objects are typical hiding places in cases of severe infestation. Their small size allows bed bugs to enter these narrow spaces for protection.

Clothing and textiles

Be careful with clothes left near the bed! This is a common source of contamination in other homes. Bed bugs can also hide in curtain hems, under rugs and behind picture frames.

➡️ See also: Washing clothes contaminated with bed bugs.

Suitcases and bags

Suitcases, travel bags or backpacks placed near the bed are clearly risky situations when accommodation is contaminated. Bed bugs easily settle in them and travel from one place to another.

➡️ See also: How to avoid bed bugs when travelling?

What does a bed bug nest look like?

A bed bug ‘nest’ does not look anything like a wasp or ant nest. It is more like a group of bed bugs in different stages of life, gathered in the same hiding place near their food source.

Here’s how to recognise a bed bug nest:

Presence of live and dead insects

You will find bed bugs of all sizes:

• Nymphs (immature stages): translucent to yellowish, measuring 1 to 4 mm.
• Adults: brown, the size of an apple seed (5 to 7 mm).

Presence of eggs

The eggs are tiny (about 1 mm), white and slightly shiny. They are often stuck in clusters to surfaces (seams, wood, cracks) thanks to a waxy substance that makes them difficult to remove.

Presence of exuviae (moulted skins)

Bedbugs moult 5 times before reaching their adult size. You will therefore find small translucent skins in their hiding places.

Traces of excrement

These are small black or dark brown spots, similar to ink stains, formed by their droppings. They are very characteristic of a bed bug nest.

Characteristic odour

A large nest often gives off a pungent, sweet smell, sometimes described as the smell of rotten fruit or mould. This is caused by pheromones secreted by bedbugs to communicate and mate.

Finding bed bug nests: the step-by-step method

Here are our tips for locating the nesting site and confirming an infestation before considering treatment.

1) Inspect the bedding first

Start with the bed, as this is the main hiding place for bed bugs.

✅ Remove all sheets, pillowcases and blankets.

✅ Check the seams, folds and labels on the mattress: use a torch to see better.

✅ Examine the slats and bed base, especially if they are upholstered. Bedbugs like to hide under stapled fabric and in cracks in the wood.

2) Check furniture and dark corners

✅ Inspect all furniture near the bed: bedside tables, nightstands, dressers.

✅ Look under drawers, behind frames, in cracks in baseboards and along walls.

✅ Curtains, carpets, hanging or folded clothing can also harbour bedbugs, especially in cases of advanced infestation.

3) Inspect at night

Bed bugs are nocturnal insects.

To confirm their presence:

✅ Turn off the lights at night and then turn them back on suddenly to see them moving.

✅ You can also observe their movements on the mattress or even on your body if you sleep for a few minutes with the lights off.

Feel free to use a powerful torch to illuminate dark corners. A magnifying glass can also be useful for inspecting eggs, which are very small and stick to surfaces.

4) Use the canine detection method

If you cannot locate the bed bug nest, canine detection is the most reliable method (95% effective).

Detection dogs are trained to locate bed bugs using their sense of smell, even in hard-to-reach areas.

Canine detection can be used for prevention, detection and after treatment.

➡️ See also: All you need to know about canine detection

How to destroy a bed bug nest?

Once the nest has been located, it is essential to act quickly and effectively. Here is what you need to do to eliminate a bed bug nest and prevent it from returning.

Targeted treatment or comprehensive treatment?

Targeted treatment involves eliminating only the visible infested area (e.g. mattress, bed base). This can be useful at the very beginning of an infestation, but it is rarely sufficient.

Comprehensive treatment is essential in the event of a confirmed infestation. This involves treating all potential hiding places in the room (skirting boards, electrical sockets, furniture, cracks) to eradicate eggs, nymphs and adults.

Unfortunately, bedbugs are difficult to eliminate because:

➡️ The eggs are protected by a waxy shell that is highly resistant to conventional insecticides.

➡️ Nymphs need a blood meal at each stage, but can survive for several weeks without feeding.

➡️ Adults can live up to 12 months without feeding, depending on the ambient temperature. A complete treatment in several stages is therefore essential to eliminate all stages of development and prevent bedbugs from returning.

First steps to take

✅ Vacuum with a narrow nozzle and a sealed bag

• Vacuum thoroughly around the nest, eggs, cracks and seams.
• Dispose of the bag immediately in a sealed bag outside to prevent recontamination.

Throw the bag immediately into a sealed bag outside to prevent recontamination.

✅ Wash your sheets and clothes at a high temperature

• For non-washable textiles, use a steam cleaner at 120°C (this equipment can be rented) or place them in the freezer at -20°C for 72 hours.
• Wash all infested laundry at a minimum temperature of 60°C for 30 minutes.

Call in a professional

If you find bed bugs in several rooms in your home, you need to treat your home quickly. If you feel overwhelmed, call in a professional. Be wary of scams, which are common in this sector.

Choose a service provider with Certibiocide certification (mandatory for the use of professional insecticides) and, ideally, Certipunaise certification.

In principle, a ‘real’ professional follows a comprehensive protocol: thorough inspection, heat and/or chemical treatment in at least two stages (7-10 days apart). They also provide follow-up to check the effectiveness of the treatment.

Preventive measures after bed bug treatment

Even after successful treatment, regular vigilance is essential, as bed bugs can reappear weeks or months later if the source has not been completely eradicated.

Apply an anti-bed bug repellent spray

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Protect the mattress with an anti-bedbug cover

Anti-bedbug covers are designed to trap any bedbugs already present in the mattress (which will eventually die) and prevent new bedbugs from settling in.

Choose a model that is certified bed bug proof, fully zipped with an anti-return system. Also check the strength of the seams and whether it can be machine washed at 60°C.

👉 Good to know: for complete protection, there are also covers for pillows and bed bases.

Regularly check areas at risk

✅ Inspect your mattress, bed base and skirting boards every month, especially if you live in a shared building.

✅ Keep an eye on furniture near your bed, curtains, carpets and clothes that have been stored away for a long time without being used.

✅ Be vigilant after travelling or buying second-hand furniture.

If in doubt: Call in a professional dog detector to confirm that there are no bedbugs.

FAQ

Want to get rid of bed bugs in your home? It’s not easy, as these little blood-sucking insects are difficult to eliminate! In addition to a complete treatment, essential oils can be useful. Here are seven varieties that act as repellents and can relieve bites.

⚠️Some oils may be irritating to children, people with asthma or pregnant women.

Summary table of effective essential oils

Serenid: essential oil-based products for bed bugs

Grandma’s recipes are great, but Serenid products are even better! Discover our anti-bed bug sprays made with essential oils and other highly effective active ingredients.

➡️ View our full range of products for the prevention, treatment and relief of insect bites.

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Essential oils: a natural repellent with multiple properties

Essential oils are valuable allies in repelling bed bugs. Certain varieties give off a powerful odour that drives these pests away. In addition to their repellent effect, they have soothing properties that are ideal for calming bites and itching caused by bed bugs.

In summary, they can:

✅ Spread a natural odour barrier throughout the room or bedding;

✅ Help relieve irritated skin after bites;

✅ Complement a comprehensive treatment for mild infestations.

What essential oils cannot do alone

Please note that essential oils alone are not enough to eliminate an infestation. Bed bugs nest in every nook and cranny of mattresses, bed bases, sheets and furniture, and can lay eggs that are invisible to the naked eye. Applying oils does not always reach them.

⚠️Some oils may be irritating to children, people with asthma or pregnant women.

Before any application, it is therefore necessary to:

• Do not diffuse in the presence of infants.
• Always dilute in water or vegetable oil.
• Avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes.

The 7 most effective essential oils for bed bugs

1. Lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia)

Known for its soothing properties, lavender is also effective against pests. Its floral scent is highly unpleasant to bed bugs. In addition, it calms the itching associated with bites.

💡 How to use it?

Here is a recipe for a lavender repellent spray:

• 500 ml of warm water
• 40 drops of true lavender essential oil
• 10 drops of tea tree essential oil (to enhance the anti-parasitic effect)
• An opaque glass spray bottle
• Shake the bottle well before each use. Spray generously on mattresses, sheets, curtains, bed frames and infested textiles. Avoid direct contact with the eyes and skin.

➡️ Frequency:

Apply morning and evening for 7 to 10 days, then every 2 or 3 days as needed.

2. Tea tree essential oil

Tea tree is an essential natural treatment for parasites. Antiseptic, fungicidal and insect repellent, it is also effective against bed bugs.

Thanks to the terpene alcohols it contains, this essential oil penetrates the bed bugs’ bodies to eliminate them.

💡 How to use it?

Here is a recipe for a repellent spray with tea tree essential oil:

• 50 ml of warm water
• 20 drops of tea tree essential oil
• An opaque spray bottle

➡️ See also: Grandmother’s tips for getting rid of bed bugs

3. Clove essential oil

Thanks to its eugenol content, it has powerful pest-repelling properties. Its strong scent acts as a natural barrier against bedbugs.

💡 How to use it?

Here is an anti-bedbug formula based on clove essential oil:

• 500 ml of warm water
• 30 drops of clove essential oil
• 10 drops of lemon eucalyptus essential oil (enhances the repellent effect)
• A sturdy glass or plastic spray bottle

Shake the bottle well before each use. Spray on areas at risk: mattresses, sheets, skirting boards, bed bases, corners of furniture, fabric seams.

➡️ Frequency: twice a day for a week, in addition to a treatment protocol against infestation.

4. Lemongrass essential oil

Lemongrass is best known for repelling mosquitoes, but it is also effective against other insects, including bed bugs.

💡 How to use it?

Spray it in corners, cupboards or directly on bed linen.

When mixed with tea tree or clove oil, it enhances the repellent effect.

5. Lemon eucalyptus essential oil

Refreshing and powerful, eucalyptus essential oil combines anti-inflammatory (ideal for bites) and repellent properties.

💡 How to use it?

Here is a recipe for a lemongrass spray:

• 500 ml of warm water (preferably distilled)
• 30 drops of lemongrass essential oil
• 15 drops of tea tree essential oil (optional, to enhance the effect)
• An opaque spray bottle

Shake well before each use. Spray on sensitive areas: mattress seams, bed base, skirting boards, underside of the bed, curtains, carpets, etc.

➡️ Frequency: once a day for 7 to 10 days in case of infestation, then twice a week for maintenance.

6. Rose geranium essential oil

Its floral scent is unpleasant to many insects, including bedbugs. It is an excellent ally for deodorising the home while naturally combating pests.

💡 How to use it?

Here is a recipe for a rose geranium bedbug spray:

• 500 ml of warm water
• 30 drops of rose geranium essential oil
• 10 drops of true lavender essential oil (optional, to soothe bites and enhance the repellent scent)
• An opaque spray bottle

Shake vigorously before each use. Spray generously on sheets, mattress seams, curtains, bed bases, carpets and high-traffic areas. Avoid skin and delicate fabrics without testing first.

➡️ Frequency: Apply once a day for 10 days, then every 2 to 3 days depending on the infestation.

7. Peppermint essential oil

Highly fragrant, peppermint acts as a powerful repellent against bed bugs and other crawling insects.

💡 How to use it?

Here is a recipe for a natural repellent spray made with peppermint essential oil:

• 500 ml water
• 30 drops of peppermint essential oil
• 10 drops of tea tree essential oil (for its anti-parasitic effect)
• 1 tablespoon of white vinegar or 70% alcohol
• An opaque spray bottle

Shake before each use. Spray on mattress seams, bed bases, skirting boards, curtains and textiles at risk (sheets, sofas, etc.). Avoid direct contact with the skin, especially in children under 6 years of age or pregnant women.

➡️ Frequency: one application per day for 7 to 10 days, then every 2-3 days for maintenance.

Does your home insurance cover you if you have bed bugs in your home? Beyond the health issue, the question of liability and reimbursement of treatment costs is extremely important (for both tenants and landlords). To help you see things more clearly, here is a practical guide to bed bug insurance.

What you’ll find in this guide:

• An overview of the existing legislation
• The best insurance policies available on the market
• Coverage and guarantees offered by these policies
• Prices for this type of protection

Bed bugs: who is responsible, the tenant or the landlord?

Who should pay for pest control treatment in the event of a bed bug infestation? The answer depends on several factors, including when the infestation is detected and the evidence available as to its origin.

Landlord obligations

Since the ELAN law came into force in 2018, landlords are required to provide decent accommodation, free from pests such as bed bugs. If an infestation is found shortly after the tenant moves in (between 6 months and 1 year), it is generally assumed that the bed bugs were present before the tenant arrived. In this case, the landlord is responsible for the treatment costs.

➡️ Best practice: Before renting out a property, landlords can call in a dog detection company to confirm whether or not bed bugs are present.

Tenant responsibilities

If the infestation is detected several months after moving in, the situation becomes more complex. The tenant may be held responsible if the landlord can prove that the infestation was the result of negligence or lack of maintenance on their part. For example, if evidence indicates that the tenant brought the bedbugs into the property via infested luggage or furniture, they may be required to cover the costs of pest control.

In practice, providing this type of evidence is very difficult for landlords. In most cases, they are responsible for covering the costs of treatment.

Bed bug treatment: a high cost

According to ANSES, the fight against bed bugs costs an average of €866 (source).

Several factors explain this cost:

• It often takes at least two visits to eliminate all stages of development (eggs, nymphs, adults).
• Professionals must use specific equipment (dry steam, certified products, protective suits, etc.).
• The treatment takes a long time, often several hours per visit, with significant diagnostic and preventive work.

In addition, don’t forget the associated costs, such as furniture that has to be thrown away or repaired.

Be careful, although the cost may seem prohibitive, doing nothing will cost even more: multiple treatments, the need to throw away mattresses and furniture, or even temporary rehousing.

In principle, insurance that covers bed bugs is therefore useful.

Should you (really) take out bed bug insurance?

With infestations on the rise in France, it’s a question that inevitably arises.

In principle, specific insurance can save you a lot of money. However, here’s what you need to know before taking out a policy.

Chemical treatments are not always effective

Despite their high cost, professional chemical treatments do not always guarantee complete eradication of the problem. Why?

• The eggs are highly resistant to conventional insecticides, often requiring two treatments.
• Some strains of bedbugs develop resistance to chemicals.
• In the event of an advanced infestation, the property may require several treatments at short intervals, which can increase the cost.
• There are many scams on the market.

As a result, you may end up with very high costs for a problem that is not solved.

Before calling in a pest control professional, carry out mechanical and heat treatment (wash clothes at over 60°C, steam clean, etc.).

👉 For more information: Bed bugs: the complete treatment protocol.

Tenants and landlords: financial assistance available

If you are a tenant: financial assistance from the CAF (family allowance fund) can cover your disinfection costs up to €600. However, you must be receiving benefits to be eligible.

If you are a homeowner: a subsidy from the ANAH can cover up to 50% of treatment costs, up to a limit of €10,000, subject to income and energy performance criteria.

👉 For more information: Bed bugs: government support measures.

Virtually non-existent protection from traditional insurers

Most traditional insurers do not include this type of claim in their basic cover, as they consider pest infestations to be:

• events that are part of routine home maintenance;
• non-random risks, since bedbugs often spread through negligence (lack of vigilance after a trip, purchase of infested furniture, etc.);
• problems that are not sudden or accidental, unlike water damage or burglary.

Very limited coverage, even as an option

Some policies may offer assistance coverage:

• Contact with a pest control professional.
• Temporary logistical assistance (re-accommodation, childcare, etc.).
• But again, no direct coverage of treatment costs, unless there is an exceptional clause.

A gradual awareness

With the explosion of cases in France and the insistence of the public authorities, some insurers are beginning to consider specific offers. But to date, apart from neo-insurers and specialised start-ups, the major companies remain cautious.

Online neo-insurers: a response to new expectations

New 100% online insurance platforms have decided to tackle the problem of bed bugs. Their goal is to offer tailor-made policies that are more flexible and better suited to this type of everyday claim.

Luko, Friday and Badbugs are start-ups that stand out for:

• Explicit coverage of bed bug treatment costs.
• A simplified procedure via an app or online interface.
• Greater responsiveness in emergencies, sometimes with rapid dispatch of a certified professional.
• Competitive rates, tailored to young professionals and urban dwellers.

Comparison of the best bed bug insurance policies

Luko by Allianz Direct

Luko is a French start-up that was acquired by Allianz Direct and offers comprehensive online home insurance. The Extended Cover home insurance package includes, at no extra cost, specific cover for infestations of bed bugs and other pests such as rodents, cockroaches, wasps and fleas.

The cover offered:

✅ Professional assistance up to £300 with no upfront costs (limited to one call-out per year)

✅ One night’s hotel accommodation with breakfast if your home becomes temporarily uninhabitable

✅ Psychological support may be offered

Practical information:

• Price: Included in home insurance
• Insurance also available for non-occupying owners
• Waiting period: none
• Contract details

Friday – Bed bug insurance

Friday is a 100% digital home insurance company that includes bed bug treatment in its Sérénité package. The policy covers both tenants and landlords, with fast and comprehensive assistance.

The cover offered:

✅ Preliminary diagnosis by telephone at the first sign of infestation (bites, marks on the mattress, etc.)

✅ Home diagnosis by a certified professional

✅ Up to four treatments to completely eradicate the infestation

✅ Temporary accommodation up to £60 per night per person (max. eight nights)

✅ Meal costs covered if the accommodation is uninhabitable

What is not covered: Outside the accommodation, cases of unsanitary conditions or negligence, replacement of damaged textiles

Practical information:

• Price: Included in the Sérénité package
• Target audience: Tenants, flatmates, owners
• Waiting period: None
• Response time: Within 72 working hours
• Find out more about Friday insurance

Badbugs

Badbugs is the first insurance policy entirely specialised in dealing with pest infestations, available to everyone for just £3 per month. The offer is simple, effective and designed to reduce the hassle and costs involved, whether you are a tenant or a homeowner.

The cover offered:

✅ Professional treatment covered up to £500/year, with no upfront costs, 1 visit/year

✅ Emergency rehousing: £80/night/person

✅ Expert support 24/7: diagnosis, advice, appointment with a service provider

✅ 3 psychological support sessions

✅ Pests covered: bed bugs, cockroaches, fleas, rodents, hornets, food moths

What is not covered: Expenses incurred without prior agreement, gross negligence

Practical information:

• Price: £3 per month (annual payment £36)
• Target audience: Tenants, owners, multi-property landlords
• Waiting period: 6 months
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As you have no doubt noticed, cases of bed bug infestation are on the increase, both in our homes and in public places. With the explosion in travel, global warming and a lack of knowledge about the subject, these little blood-sucking insects have found ideal conditions for spreading. The fight against this public health problem is being organised, starting with a thorough understanding of the biology and behaviour of bed bugs. Biological characteristics, lifestyle, reproduction: here is everything you need to know about Cimex lectularius. The aim is to understand them better in order to eliminate them more effectively.

The biological characteristics of bed bugs

These tiny but formidable insects have biological characteristics that explain their ability to adapt and proliferate in our homes.

According to an ANSES report, between 2017 and 2022, 11% of households in France were contaminated by bed bugs (source).

Cimex lectularius: the most common species in France

In France, the most common species of bed bugs is ‘Cimex lectularius’. For your information, there are two species on earth: ‘Cimex lectularius’ and ‘Cimex hemipterus’, which are part of the ‘Cimicinae’ subfamily.

Its main characteristics:

• Biting-sucking insect: it feeds solely on human blood to survive and develop.
• Oval, flattened body: handy for slipping into the smallest cracks, mattress seams, furniture or skirting boards.
• Adult size: apple seed.
• Nocturnal activity: bedbugs avoid light and mainly come out at night, when their host is still and asleep.
• Incapable of jumping or flying: unlike other pests, they only move by walking.
• Life expectancy: 6 to 12 months.

There are a few natural predators such as the common swift.

An insect that feeds exclusively on human blood

At each stage of its life, bed bugs need to feed on blood in order to survive.

What you need to know about their diet:

• Bed bugs must feed on blood before each moult.
• Average duration of a meal: 10 minutes.
• Time between 2 meals: 5 to 15 days.
• Both males and females bite.
• They are attracted to the CO₂ given off by our breathing and to our body odours, not directly to blood.

Good to know: Their saliva contains an anticoagulant that liquefies the blood and facilitates the meal. It also contains histamine, which is responsible for local inflammation and therefore for the appearance of the famous red spots.

Can they bite animals?

Even though Cimex lectularius clearly prefers humans, some related species can also bite bats or birds. But in a domestic environment, bed bugs feed almost exclusively on human blood.

➡️ To find out more: What you need to know about bed bugs and pets

Life cycle of bed bugs: from eggs to adults

Like all insects, bed bugs have a life cycle consisting of several stages, from tiny eggs to adults capable of reproducing.

Temperature plays a key role in the development of bed bugs. The warmer it is, the faster they develop. Conversely, low temperatures greatly slow their growth.

Key points to remember about the life cycle of bed bugs

➡️ Each adult female lays an average of 3 to 5 eggs per day.

➡️ A bed bug goes through 5 immature stages called nymphs (falsely referred to as larvae of bed bugs).

➡️ With each moult, a blood meal is essential to move on to the next stage.

➡️ The eggs are extremely resistant to conventional insecticides because of their waxy shell.

➡️ Temperatures strongly influence the speed of development:

• At 28°C: a complete cycle (egg → adult) lasts 45 days.
• At 18°C: the cycle is slowed to around 100 days.
• At 13°C: the evolution can take up to 5 months.

Lifestyle of bed bugs

Discreet, tenacious and perfectly adapted to the human environment, bed bugs develop very specific behaviours to survive and multiply.

Insects that live exclusively alongside humans

Cimex lectularius is a parasitic insect strictly linked to humans: it does not naturally live outside (except in exceptional conditions). It seeks out the proximity of a human host in order to feed on blood (it is a haematophagous insect at all stages of its life).

They are essentially nocturnal: they flee from light and mainly come out at night, when the host is immobile. When a population becomes too large, they can sometimes be seen during the day.

Where do bed bugs hide?

Their objective: to stay as close as possible to their food source (humans), in dark, narrow and difficult to access places.

They are mainly found:

• In clothing, curtains, bags or luggage in the event of an advanced infestation.
• In the seams of mattresses and box springs.
• Behind skirting boards, cracks in walls or furniture.
• Under bed slats, in the gaps of furniture.
• Behind headboards, frames, pictures or electrical sockets.

How do bed bugs move?

A bed bug moves quickly when walking. It does not fly or jump.

These insects can migrate from room to room through cracks, ducts, sockets or furniture.

In a building, they will move from floor to floor through pipes, electrical ducts, air conditioning systems, etc. They can also attach themselves to the clothes and other fabrics of the occupants.

Also beware of the presence of bed bugs in hotels or Airbnb accommodation.

How do they communicate?

Bed bugs use aggregation pheromones to group together in hiding places.

They are also guided by:

• The CO₂ released by human respiration.
• Body heat.

Reproduction of bed bugs

The reproductive capacity of bed bugs is one of the main reasons for their rapid proliferation. The cycle is short, there are numerous egg-laying episodes and the eggs are particularly resistant.

These eggs are tiny (1 mm), white and covered with a waxy layer that makes them very difficult to remove or kill with conventional insecticides.

A specific behaviour: traumatic insemination

Bed bugs mate in a particular way. The male directly pierces the female’s abdomen to inject his sperm. This is known as traumatic insemination. This method of reproduction is extremely aggressive for the female, which explains why some of them leave the nest to form satellite colonies in other areas of the home. For information, in a population of bed bugs, there are approximately 60% males and 40% females.

Satellite colonies: behaviour that causes massive infestations

When an infestation becomes significant, the females flee areas that are too crowded or too exposed to the males. They hide in other quieter places (distant furniture, other rooms, clothes, bags, etc.).

This is how the infestation gradually spreads throughout an entire apartment, building or even a hotel.

Effective treatment measures

When faced with an infestation of bed bugs, a partial or approximate treatment is often doomed to failure. To get rid of these insects for good, it is essential to combine several complementary techniques, following a rigorous protocol.

Thermal treatments: steam and cold

Extreme heat and cold are the only truly effective methods against all stages of development, including eggs.

Heat treatment

Use a dry steam cleaner (minimum 120°C). Direct contact with steam instantly kills bed bugs, larvae and eggs.

Important: steam is effective up to a maximum distance of 5 cm. Beyond that, it loses its lethal power.

Cold treatment

Place contaminated objects in the freezer at -20°C for at least 72 hours. Warning: freezing for 24 hours is not enough. Bugs can survive at -20°C if the time is too short. This type of treatment eliminates bed bugs, their larvae and their eggs.

Diatomaceous earth: a natural and long-lasting treatment

Diatomaceous earth is a mineral powder that acts by mechanical means. It kills and dries out bed bugs in 4 to 5 days.

It is particularly useful for areas that are difficult to access: behind skirting boards, in electrical sockets (only in sachets), under furniture, etc.

Good to know: clay from Somme is effective in killing bed bugs.

Vacuuming: an essential daily task

Vacuum thoroughly:

• Seams of mattresses and box springs
• Cracks in furniture and baseboards
• Dark corners where bed bugs like to hide

Then dispose of the contents in an airtight bag outside.

➡️ To find out more: The complete protocol for bed bug treatment.

FAQ

Vous avez observé de petites larves translucides ou blanchâtres chez vous ? Attention, s’il s’agit bien de larves de punaises de lit, il faut tirer la sonnette d’alarme ! Elles indiquent en effet qu’une infestation est en cours. Comment identifier ce type de larves ? Quels sont les gestes à adopter et les traitements efficaces ? Voici tous les conseils de Sereni-d.

Comment reconnaître les larves de punaises de lit ?

Les larves de punaises de lit sont le premier signe visible d’une infestation. Contrairement aux adultes, elles sont plus difficiles à repérer en raison de leur taille minuscule. 

Taille et apparence des larves/nymphes

• Petite taille : Environ 1 mm à l’éclosion et jusqu’à 4 mm avant leur mue vers le stade adulte.
• Forme ovale et allongée.
• Couleur translucide, qui devient plus foncée après leur premier repas de sang.
• Corps mou et fragile, contrairement aux adultes qui ont une carapace plus rigide.

Différence avec d’autres insectes

Les larves de punaises de lit sont parfois confondues avec d’autres nuisibles. 

Voici quelques éléments pour ne pas se tromper :

Cycle de vie des punaises de lit : différence entre larves, nymphes et adultes

Bien comprendre les différentes étapes du cycle de vie des punaises de lit permet de réagir efficacement. Le “Cimex lectularius” passe par plusieurs stades de développement : oeufs, cinq stades immatures (nymphes) puis adulte.

1. Les oeufs de punaises de lit

• Taille : Environ 1 mm à l’éclosion, presque invisible à l’œil nu.
• Couleur : Blanchâtre, translucide, ce qui les rend difficiles à repérer.
• Aspect : ressemblent à un grain de riz qui colle.

On les retrouve principalement dans les coutures des matelas, les fissures des meubles, derrière les plinthes et dans les endroits sombres.

Une femelle peut pondre jusqu’à 5 œufs par jour et environ 500 au cours de sa vie.

2. Les nymphes de punaises de lit

Dès que l’œuf éclot, il devient une nymphe. On parle ici de stade de développement immature ou “stade juvénile” qui se déroule en 5 phases. C’est à partir du stade immature que la punaise de lit a besoin de se nourrir de sang pour progressivement passer à sa phase adulte. On trouve ainsi souvent des nids de punaises de lit à proximité du lieu de “nourriture”.

• Taille : De 1,5 mm à 4 mm, grandissant progressivement après chaque repas.
• Couleur : Plus foncée que les larves, devenant brun clair à mesure qu’elles évoluent.
• Aspect : Ressemblent à l’adulte, avec le même nombre de pattes et la même forme.
• Mobilité : Elles se déplacent la nuit en quête d’un hôte.

Elles muent cinq fois avant d’atteindre le stade adulte, nécessitant un repas de sang à chaque mue : 

• 1er stade de la nymphe (1,5 mm)
• 2ème stade de la nymphe (2 mm)
• 3ème stade de la nymphe (2,5 mm)
• 4ème stade de la nymphe (3 mm)
• 5ème stade de la nymphe (4,5 mm)

Le terme “larve punaise de lit” est un défaut de langage. Une larve s’utilise pour les insectes ou le stade immature ne ressemble pas à l’adulte (comme par exemple le papillon). Pour une punaise de lit, on parle de “nymphe”, car les stades immatures ressemblent à la forme adulte.

3. Les punaises de lit adultes

• Taille : Environ 5 à 7 mm, visibles à l’œil nu.
• Couleur : Brun rougeâtre et plus foncée que les nymphes.
• Aspect : Corps ovale et aplati lorsqu’elles sont affamées, mais pouvant gonfler après un repas.
• Mobilité : Plus rapides que les nymphes, elles se déplacent efficacement dans toute la pièce.
• Reproduction : Une femelle adulte pond jusqu’à 5 œufs par jour et plus de 500 dans sa vie, accélérant la prolifération en quelques semaines.

À quelle vitesse une infestation peut-elle se développer ?

Plus la température est élevée, plus les punaises se développent rapidement.

• À 28°C, une larve devient adulte en 45 jours.
• À 18°C, le cycle dure environ 100 jours.
• À 13°C, il faut près de 5 mois pour atteindre le stade adulte.

Où trouve-t-on les larves de punaises de lit ?

Les larves de punaises de lit restent discrètes et cachées dans des endroits sombres et difficiles d’accès. Contrairement aux adultes, elles ne se déplacent pas loin et restent proches de leur source de nourriture principale : l’homme.

1. La literie

• Coutures et plis des matelas : les larves aiment se loger dans les recoins des matelas et sommiers.
• Interstices des sommiers : elles se cachent sous les lattes ou dans les fissures du bois.
• Oreillers et draps : elles laissent parfois des traces de sang et des excréments noirs visibles sur le linge de lit.
• Tête de lit et cadres de lit : elles trouvent refuge dans les fentes du bois ou derrière les structures rembourrées.

2. Les meubles et objets proches du lit

• Tables de nuit et commodes : les larves s’infiltrent dans les tiroirs ou sous les meubles.
• Canapés et fauteuils : elles se logent dans les coutures et sous les coussins.
• Rideaux et tapis : elles apprécient les tissus épais où elles peuvent se cacher.
• Prises électriques et fissures des murs : les larves peuvent aussi s’infiltrer dans les recoins sombres et peu accessibles.

3. Les vêtements et les bagages

• Linge de lit et vêtements : elles peuvent s’accrocher aux tissus et se déplacer avec eux.
• Bagages et sacs de voyage : un lieu de contamination fréquent après un séjour dans un hôtel infesté de punaises de lit.

Les autres signes d’infestation

En plus des larves, plusieurs indices peuvent confirmer la présence de punaises de lit chez vous :

• Traces de piqûres : boutons rouges regroupés en ligne ou en grappe, souvent sur les bras, jambes et dos.
• Taches noires sur le matelas et les draps : ce sont des excréments laissés par les punaises.
• Présence d’exuvies : les mues transparentes des nymphes sont souvent visibles près des cachettes.
• Odeur inhabituelle : une infestation avancée peut dégager une odeur sucrée ou de moisi.

➡️ Pour en savoir plus, vous pouvez consulter les différents niveaux d’infestations établis par l’INELP. Par ailleurs, la détection canine est très efficace pour détecter les punaises de lit.

Comment tuer les larves de punaises de lit ?

Si vous repérez des larves de punaises de lit chez vous, il faut agir immédiatement pour éviter qu’elles ne deviennent adultes et ne se reproduisent. Nous vous conseillons de combiner les méthodes suivantes :

Traitements mécaniques et préventifs

• Passez l’aspirateur : Insistez sur les fissures des meubles, coutures de matelas, sommiers et recoins sombres. Jetez immédiatement le sac ou videz le bac dans un sac hermétique que vous déposerez dans une poubelle extérieure.
• Lavez le linge infesté : Tous les textiles exposés (draps, vêtements, rideaux) doivent être lavés en machine à 60°C, puis passés au sèche-linge à haute température.
• Utilisez un nettoyeur vapeur : Une vapeur sèche à 120°C tue instantanément les larves, nymphes et œufs, notamment dans les matelas, sommiers et fissures des murs. La vapeur fonctionne jusqu’à 5 cm d’éloignement, au-delà, ce n’est pas efficace.

➡️ À lire aussi : Les pièges à punaises de lit.

Traitements chimiques et insecticides

La terre de diatomée SERENID : Ce produit naturel a une action coupante qui dessèche les larves et adultes en 4 à 5 jours. Appliquez-la dans les recoins, le long des plinthes et derrière les prises électriques.

Traitements thermiques

• Le traitement par le froid : Placez les textiles et petits objets infestés au congélateur à -20°C pendant 72 heures minimum pour tuer les larves et les œufs.

➡️ Pour aller plus loin: Le protocole complet contre les punaises de lit.

Comment éviter une nouvelle infestation ?

La meilleure solution contre les punaises de lit reste la prévention.

Voici quelques bonnes pratiques : 

• Évitez d’acheter des meubles d’occasion sans les désinfecter.
• Surveillez votre literie régulièrement (coutures, sommier, matelas).
• Placez des housses anti-punaises sur votre matelas et vos oreillers.
• Appliquez de la terre de diatomée derrière les prises électriques, sous le lit et le long des plinthes.
• Lors de vos voyages, rangez votre valise en hauteur.

➡️ Découvrez toutes les informations sur les punaises de lit dans un Airbnb.

FAQ

Bed bugs feed on human blood, but can they also bite our pets? Should dogs and cats be afraid of these pests? What are the right steps to take? Serenid answers all your questions on the subject. Let’s go.

⚠️ Important: This article is for information purposes only and is not a substitute for veterinary advice.

Can bed bugs attack animals?

Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) feed mainly on human blood.

It is difficult for a bed bug to move through the hair of our domestic companions (the same goes for humans, bites do not occur in the hair). Moreover, bed bugs wait for the host to be still to feed, which is more complicated with animals that move much more.

➡️ Read also: The causes of bed bug infestation

Bed bugs in dogs

Bed bugs do not settle directly on a dog’s coat like fleas or ticks would. However, if they do not have access to a human host, they can bite a dog, especially in bald areas such as the stomach, the inside of the legs or the ears.

What to do?

• Clean its environment: Wash its blankets, cushions, baskets, toys and any other fabric items at 60°C to eliminate bedbugs and their eggs.
• Vacuum thoroughly: Vacuum its basket, carpets and areas where it usually sleeps. Immediately dispose of the vacuum cleaner bag in an airtight bin.
• Treat bites: Wash the bitten area with lukewarm water and mild soap. Apply a soothing cream or a suitable veterinary product, as advised by your vet.
• Protect your dog: During anti-bedbug treatments in your home, keep your pet away to avoid any exposure to chemicals or hazardous residues.

Bed bugs in cats

As with dogs, cats can also be bitten by bed bugs, although this is rare. Thanks to their dense fur, bed bugs find it more difficult to reach their skin. They therefore target less hairy areas such as:

• The inside of the legs
• The abdomen
• EarsBed bugs in cats

What to do?

• Wash its environment: Machine wash its blankets, cushions and all textiles at 60°C or put them in the dryer at a high temperature to eliminate bedbugs and their eggs.
• Change its litter regularly
• Vacuum frequently-used areas: Vacuum its basket, cat tree, carpets and sofas. Empty the bag and dispose of it immediately in an airtight bin.
• Monitor its behaviour: If your cat is scratching excessively or showing signs of stress, consult a vet.
• Protect your cat: During a bed bug treatment, keep your cat away from the treated areas to avoid exposure to chemical insecticides that are harmful to its health.

➡️ To go further: The complete protocol against bed bugs.

Bed bugs in birds

Bed bugs can also bite domestic birds such as chickens, although this is very rare. The most exposed areas are the parts of the body without feathers, such as the legs or around the eyes.

A bitten bird may show:

• Unusual agitation
• Swelling of the skin
• Lesions on the legs
• Ruffled plumage
• Weight loss due to stress and bites

Bed bugs can hide in birdhouses, litter, cages, under perches or in the corners of the room where the bird lives.

Good to know: Bird nests can be a source of bed bug contamination

What to do?

• Change the litter regularly
• Inspect the bottom and surroundings of the cage every day
• Remove accessories from the cage: branches, etc.
• Wash the cage
• Apply a treatment specifically for bed bugs

Bed bugs in reptiles

Bed bugs do not generally attack reptiles (snakes, turtles, lizards), as they do not provide ideal feeding conditions. These parasites prefer warm-blooded mammals, such as humans and pets.

However, in the event of severe infestation, bed bugs may seek refuge in terrariums/vivariums or under accessories such as heating pads and reptile hiding places.

What to do?

• Clean and disinfect the terrarium regularly
• Check every nook and cranny and cracks where bugs could be hiding
• Avoid using chemical insecticides that are harmful to reptiles (move them in case of treatment)

How can you recognise bed bug bites on a pet?

1. Appearance of the bites

• Small red or swollen bumps, often grouped in a line or cluster.
• Itching and irritation, more pronounced in sensitive animals.
• Affected areas: stomach, ears, muzzle, legs, areas with little hair.

➡️ Read also: Everything you need to know about bed bug bites.

2. Behavioural changes

• The animal scratches, nibbles or rubs itself more than usual.
• It shows signs of discomfort or restlessness, especially at night.
• Loss of appetite or unusual fatigue in case of severe irritation.

3. Differentiating bed bug bites from other parasites

• Fleas: Bites often scattered, intense itching and presence of small black dots (flea droppings) in the coat.
• Ticks: A single swollen lump with a tick attached to the skin.
• Lice: Rarer, more likely in farms and kennels.

Are bed bug bites dangerous for pets?

However, their (rare) bites can cause various problems for dogs, cats, birds and other pets:

• Irritation and itching
• Allergic reactions
• Stress and behavioural disorders
• Mild anaemia in fragile animals

How can you relieve bed bug bites on your pet?

To soothe itching and prevent infection in your pet, here are the steps to take:

1. Clean your pet’s skin and coat.

• Gently wash the affected area with lukewarm water and mild soap suitable for animals.
• Dry the skin thoroughly to avoid maceration, especially in long-haired animals.

2. Apply a soothing treatment

• Use a specific soothing lotion for animals (based on aloe vera, calendula or camomile).
• You can also apply a cold water compress to relieve irritation.

3. Prevent your pet from scratching too much

.

• Trim your pet’s claws to limit injuries caused by scratching.
• For cats and dogs, a collar or a collar may be useful if licking is excessive.
• Consult a vet if necessary!

Are chemical bed bug treatments dangerous for pets?

Yes, chemical bed bug treatments can be toxic to pets. Many insecticides used to eradicate these pests contain substances that are harmful to dogs, cats, birds and reptiles.

Above all, ask for advice from the professional who treats your home. They will be able to give you specific instructions: airing, washing at a high temperature, etc.

Opt for natural solutions

Chemical treatments should be a last resort and only used in the event of a serious infestation.

Above all, opt for natural treatments such as diatomaceous earth, anti-bug covers or high-temperature dry steam, which are safe for animals.

Dogs: a formidable weapon for detecting bed bugs

Thanks to their highly developed sense of smell, dog bed bug detectors are one of the most reliable ways to detect an infestation. In a few minutes, they are able to pinpoint the presence of these pests, even in hard-to-reach places such as mattresses, skirting boards or cracks.

Used by pest control experts, these specially trained dogs enable a quick and effective diagnosis, thus avoiding unnecessary treatments and directly targeting the infested areas. An effective solution to act quickly and limit the spread of bed bugs!

FAQ

Do animals transmit bed bugs to humans?

No, bedbugs do not live on animals and do not cling to their fur like fleas or ticks. They prefer fixed places (mattresses, skirting boards, nooks and crannies, etc.) to hide and wait for their blood meal.

What is the natural predator of bedbugs?

Skull crickets, geckos and certain beetles are predators of bed bugs. However, their presence in a house does not completely eliminate the infestation.

Can bed bugs hide in animal bedding?

No, bedbugs prefer dry, smooth surfaces such as mattresses, box springs and cracks in furniture. Your pet’s bedding is therefore not a favourable place for them to infest.